Tuning 12 String Guitar With Tuner

Tuning a 12-String Guitar with a Tuner: A Comprehensive Guide

The 12-string guitar, with its rich, shimmering tone, is a captivating instrument. However, its complexity—with six pairs of strings—makes tuning a more demanding task than its six-string counterpart. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of tuning a 12-string guitar using a tuner, covering various tuner types, techniques, and troubleshooting tips to ensure you achieve that perfect, resonant sound.

Understanding Your 12-String Guitar's Unique Tuning Challenges

Before diving into the tuning process, it's crucial to understand the specific challenges posed by a 12-string guitar. Unlike a six-string, where each string is individually tuned, a 12-string has paired strings—meaning each note is played by two strings tuned to the same pitch. This pairing creates unique challenges:

1. String Interaction and Intonation:

The close proximity of paired strings can cause them to influence each other's pitch. One string might pull the other slightly out of tune, especially if the strings are new or haven't been properly stretched.

2. Octave Courses:

The 12-string guitar features two sets of strings for each note, with one string an octave higher than the other. This octave relationship requires careful attention during tuning to ensure the correct intervals are maintained.

3. Increased String Tension:

With twelve strings instead of six, the total tension on the neck is significantly higher. This increased tension can affect the neck's relief and intonation, making it even more critical to tune accurately and gradually.

4. String Gauge and Material:

Different string gauges (thicknesses) and materials will affect the tuning stability and intonation. Heavier gauge strings will be under higher tension and will require more careful tuning.

Choosing the Right Tuner

The availability of various tuners makes selecting the right one essential. Each type offers unique advantages:

1. Clip-On Tuners:

These are incredibly convenient, clipping directly onto the guitar's headstock. Their portability and ease of use make them ideal for beginners and gigging musicians alike. Many clip-on tuners offer both chromatic and pre-set tuning modes.

Pros: Portable, easy to use, affordable. Cons: Can sometimes obstruct the headstock and affect tuning stability.

2. Pedal Tuners:

Typically incorporated into a larger pedalboard setup, these offer accurate tuning in a hands-free format, suitable for live performances. Some high-end pedal tuners offer advanced features like strobe tuning and multiple tuning modes.

Pros: Highly accurate, hands-free operation, durable. Cons: Not as portable as clip-on tuners, more expensive.

3. Software Tuners (Apps):

Smartphone and computer applications offer a cost-effective alternative with various features, including chromatic tuning, alternate tunings, and metronome functions. Using a high-quality microphone is crucial for optimal performance.

Pros: Affordable, versatile, accessible on multiple devices. Cons: Relies on the quality of the microphone, can be affected by background noise.

4. Strobe Tuners:

These are considered the most accurate type of tuner, especially for meticulous players. They use a visual strobe effect to display the pitch, allowing for extremely precise adjustments.

Pros: Extremely accurate, visually engaging. Cons: Can be more expensive than other options and require more practice to master.

The Tuning Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

Regardless of the tuner you choose, the following steps outline the standard tuning process for a 12-string guitar:

1. Standard Tuning:

The standard tuning for a 12-string guitar mirrors the six-string, with the addition of an octave string for each note. The tuning from thickest to thinnest string is typically:

• E2-E3: Thickest pair of strings, tuned to E2 (82.4 Hz) and E3 (164.8 Hz)
• A2-A3: Tuned to A2 (110 Hz) and A3 (220 Hz)
• D3-D4: Tuned to D3 (146.8 Hz) and D4 (293.7 Hz)
• G3-G4: Tuned to G3 (196 Hz) and G4 (392 Hz)
• B3-B4: Tuned to B3 (246.9 Hz) and B4 (493.8 Hz)
• E4-E5: Thinnest pair of strings, tuned to E4 (329.6 Hz) and E5 (659.3 Hz)

2. Tuning the Octave Strings:

It's generally recommended to tune the lower (octave) strings first. Use your tuner to guide you, adjusting the tuning peg slowly to achieve the desired pitch. It's important to tune gently and avoid over-tightening.

3. Tuning the Unison Strings:

Once the lower string is tuned, proceed to tune the unison (octave) string. This is where the interaction between strings becomes crucial. Fine-tune the unison string until both strings vibrate together harmoniously, confirming that they're at precisely the same pitch on your tuner.

4. Stretching New Strings:

If using a new set of strings, it is extremely important to stretch them before tuning. Tune to pitch, then gently bend each string to gradually stretch it. Re-tune, repeat the process two or three times per string until you are able to tune the strings and they do not suddenly go out of tune. This process helps prevent the strings from de-tuning quickly after you finish.

5. Gradual Tuning:

Avoid aggressive tuning adjustments. Make small, incremental adjustments until you achieve the desired pitch. Sudden, large adjustments can damage the strings or place undue stress on the neck.

Troubleshooting Common Tuning Issues

1. Strings are constantly going out of tune:

• New Strings: New strings require stretching.
• Old Strings: Old strings lose tension and should be replaced.
• Neck Relief: The neck might need adjustment by a professional.
• Tuning Pegs: Ensure the tuning pegs are securely tightened.

2. One string is consistently sharp or flat:

• Intonation Issues: The intonation of the guitar might be problematic, requiring professional setup.
• String Damage: Inspect the string for any kinks or breaks.
• Bridge Issues: Make sure the bridge is correctly seated and not loose.

3. Difficulty tuning the unison strings to the same pitch:

• String Interaction: Carefully tune one string first, then fine-tune the second string, listening for unison.
• Tuning Peg issues: Make sure the tuning pegs are working smoothly.

4. Buzzing or rattling:

• Action (String Height): The action might be too low, causing buzzing. A professional setup might be required.
• Loose Parts: Check that all parts of the guitar are firmly attached.

Maintaining Your 12-String Guitar's Tuning

Regular maintenance is vital to preserving your 12-string's tuning stability:

• Regular Tuning: Tune your guitar before each playing session.
• String Changes: Replace strings when they begin to show wear or sound dull.
• Humidity Control: Store your guitar in a climate-controlled environment to prevent fluctuations in humidity that affect tuning.
• Professional Setup: Have your guitar professionally set up every six months or year to ensure optimal playability and tuning stability. This includes checking the neck relief, intonation and overall health of the guitar.

Advanced Tuning Techniques

1. Alternate Tunings:

While standard tuning is common, many musicians explore alternate tunings for different musical styles. A tuner is essential for accurately implementing these alternative tunings.

2. Using a Strobe Tuner for Precision:

For the most accurate tuning, especially for recording or professional performances, a strobe tuner offers unparalleled precision, allowing minute adjustments to achieve perfect harmony.

By following these steps and understanding the nuances of your 12-string guitar, you'll be able to achieve that perfect, resonant sound, making the most of its rich and captivating tone. Remember patience and practice are key! Regular tuning and maintenance will keep your 12-string sounding its best for years to come. The rewarding experience of playing a perfectly tuned 12-string is well worth the extra effort required.